Ancient Chinese Who Left Their Marks on History（中国历史人物）

封面

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Introduction

Philosophers

老子 Lǎo Zǐ (circa 580-470 BC) A Legendary Philosopher

孔子 Confucius (551-479 BC) The Greatest Thinker

墨子 Mò Zǐ (468-376 BC) Pacifist Thinker and Inventor

孟子 Mencius (372-289 BC) Principal Interpreter of Confucianism

庄子 Zhuāng Zǐ (circa 369-286 BC) Freewheeling Taoist

荀子 Xún Zǐ (circa 313-238 BC) ‘All Humans are Born Evil’

韩非 Hán Fēi (circa 280-233 BC) Sage of ‘Rule by Fear’

王充 Wáng Chōng (27-circa 99 AD) An Iconoclastic Thinker

朱熹 Zhū Xǐ (1130-1200) Foremost Neo-Confucian Thinker

黄宗羲 Huáng Zōngxī (1610-1695) The Chinese Rousseau

王夫之 Wáng Fūzhī (1619-1692) Enlightenment Thinker

Poets & Writers

屈原 Qū Yuán (circa 340-278 BC) A Great Patriotic Poet

司马相如 Sīmǎ Xiàngrú (circa 179-118 BC) The Poet Who Eloped

司马迁 Sīmǎ Qiān (circa 145-90 BC) Historiography Father

曹植 Cáo Zhí (192-232 AD) The Poetical Prodigy

王勃 Wáng Bó (649-676 AD) Brief Life Lasting Fame

陈子昂 Chén Zǐ’áng (661-702 AD) Tang Poetry’s Pioneer

李白 Lǐ Bái (701-762 AD) The ‘God of Poetry’

杜甫 Dù Fǔ (712-770 AD) Suffering Poetry Saint

苏轼 Sū Shì (1037-1101) A Rare Versatile Scholar

李清照 Lǐ Qīngzhào (1084-1151) Ci’s Finest Female Poet

陆游 Lù Yóu (1125-1210) The Patriot of Poetry

辛弃疾 Xīn Qìjī (1140-1207) Lyric Poet and Patriot

关汉卿 Guān Hànqīng (1225-1302) China’s Own Shakespeare

施耐庵 Shī Nài’ān (1296-1370) Author Steeped in Mystery

吴承恩 Wú Chéng’ēn (circa 1501-1582) Man Behind Monkey King

曹雪芹 Cáo Xuěqín (circa 1715-1763 or 1764) The Author of a Great Classic

Buddhists

玄奘 Xuánzàng (circa 602-664 AD) A Great Buddhist Monk

惠能 Huìnéng (638-713 AD) Rustic Patriarch

Scientists & Craftsmen

鲁班 Lǔ Bān (circa 507-444 BC) Legendary Master Carpenter

孙武 Sūn Wǔ (circa 535-480 BC) Winning Ways of Ancient Strategist

扁鹊 Biǎn Què (circa 407-310 BC) The First Physician in China

蔡伦 Cài Lún (circa 61-121 AD) Paper Trail Leads to Eunuch Cai

张衡 Zhāng Héng (78-139 AD) Inventor of the Seismometer

张仲景 Zhāng Zhòngjǐng (circa 150-219 AD) Plague Prompts Doctor’s Work

华佗 Huà Tuó (circa 145-208 AD) A Pioneering Chinese Surgeon

祖冲之 Zǔ Chōngzhī (429-500 AD) An Early Chinese Star of Astronomy

贾思勰 Jiǎ Sīxié (end of 5th century-mid-6th century) Scribe of Guide to Farming

郦道元 Lì Dàoyuán (circa 470-527 AD) Water Writer Plumbs New Depths

孙思邈 Sūn Sīmiǎo (circa 581-682 AD) The ‘King of Medicine’

毕昇 Bì Shēng (970-1051) Inventor of the Movable Type Technology

沈括 Shěn Kuò (1031-1095) China’s Great Scientific Mind

黄道婆 Huáng Dàopó (circa 1245-1330) Granny’s Great Innovations

李时珍 Lǐ Shízhēn (1518-1593) Saint of Medicine and Scribe of Herbs

徐光启 Xú Guāngqǐ (1562-1633) City’s Son Introduces European Science

詹天佑 Zhān Tiānyòu (1861-1919) Father of China’s Railways

Painters & Calligraphers

王羲之 Wáng Xīzhī (303-361 AD) Sage of Chinese Calligraphy

顾恺之 Gù Kǎizhī (348-409 AD) Originator of Chinese Painting

吴道子 Wú Dàozǐ (680-759 AD) Painter’s Death a Tall Tale

郑燮 Zhèng Xiè (1693-1765) An Eccentric Painter

Influential Figures

管仲 Guǎn Zhòng (circa 720-645 BC) Leading Reformer

项羽 Xiàng Yǔ (232-202 BC) A Prideful Tragic Hero

王昭君 Wáng Zhāojūn (circa 52-20 BC) A Beautiful Lady Helps Keep Peace

商鞅 Shāng Yāng (circa 390-338 BC) A Great Statesman and Political Reformer

陈胜 Chén Shèng (?-208 BC) Leader of First Peasant Rebellion

诸葛亮 Zhūgě Liàng (181-234 AD) A Godlike Prophet

关羽 Guān Yǔ (160-219 AD) Lord Guan Revered for His Bravery

魏征 Wèi Zhēng (580-643 AD) Candid Official Earns Great Respect

鉴真 Jiànzhēn (687-763 AD) Monk Spreads the Word in Japan

包拯 Bāo Zhěng (999-1062) Iconic Official Who’s Incorruptible

王安石 Wáng Ānshí (1021-1086) Statesman with a Gift for Writing

岳飞 Yuè Fēi (1103-1142) A Peerless General and National Hero

文天祥 Wén Tiānxiáng (1236-1283) Hero Stays Loyal to the Bitter End

郑和 Zhèng Hé (1371-1433) Did the Admiral Discover the New World?

海瑞 Hǎi Ruì (1514-1587) Moral Official Dares to Criticize Emperor

戚继光 Qī Jìguāng (1528-1588) ‘Tiger General’ Stops Japanese Pirates

徐霞客 Xú Xiákè (1586-1641) Intrepid Explorer Keeps a Meticulous Diary

郑成功 Zhèng Chénggōng (1624-1662) A National Hero Who Recaptures Taiwan

李自成 Lǐ Zìchéng (1606-1645) Shortsighted Military Genius

林则徐 Lín Zéxú (1785-1850) Patriotic Official Fights the Opium Trade

龚自珍 Gōng Zìzhēn (1792-1841) A Reform-minded Official and Poet

李鸿章 Lǐ Hóngzhāng (1823-1901) Powerful Official Invites Controversy

严复 Yán Fù (1854-1921) Educator Pushes for Modernization

康有为 Kāng Yǒuwéi (1858-1927) Reformer Tries to Change China

蔡元培 Cài Yuánpéi (1868-1940) Educator Supports Civil Rights Movement

陶行知 Táo Xíngzhī (1891-1946) A Great Educator and Reformer

Emperors & Empresses

黄帝 The Yellow Emperor (reign 2717 - 2599 BC) Father of This Great Civilization

大禹 Dà Yǔ (circa ?-2062 BC) Taming the Long and Wild Rivers of China

秦始皇 Qín Shǐ Huáng (259-210 BC) The ‘First Emperor’ of China

刘邦 Liú Bāng (256-195 BC) Founder of the Powerful Han Dynasty

汉武帝 Emperor Wu of Han (156-87 BC) Insatiable Ambition for Territorial Expansion

曹操 Cáo Cāo (155-220 AD) Speak of His Name and He Arrives

李世民 Lǐ Shìmín (599-649 AD) Creator of a Dynastic Golden Age

武则天 Wǔ Zétiān (624-705 AD) The Only Empress Regnant in China’s History

成吉思汗 Genhis Khan (1162-1227) Founder of the World’s Largest Empire

朱元璋 Zhū Yuánzhāng (1328-1398) From a Beggar to an Emperor

康熙 Emperor Kangxi (1654-1722) Longest Reign Brings Prosperity